About Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM)
ATTR-CM stands for Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy. ATTR-CM is a progressive and serious heart condition where proteins called transthyretin form deposits, known as amyloid fibrils, in the heart muscle. You may hear this sometimes called TTR cardiac amyloidosis.
These deposits go hard in the heart, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood with ease, this can lead to heart failure.
When the deposits harden in the heart, sufferers will experience various symptoms including tiredness and fatigue, difficulty breathing or shortness of breath as well as swelling.
These symptoms should be reported to a healthcare professional to ensure further investigations are carried out.
WHAT IS TTR CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS?
This condition is known as ATTR-CM, or TTR cardiac amyloidosis.
Proteins are building blocks of the body and help make up important parts of our cells, tissues, and organs.
The body makes many different proteins, each with a special job.
TTR (short for transthyretin), is a protein that helps carry vitamin A around your body.
Vitamin A helps keep your eyes and skin healthy and helps your body fight infections.
In some people, this TTR protein becomes unstable and breaks apart, eventually forming clumps called amyloid.
These clumps can build up in the heart, making it thicker and stiffer.
There are two types of ATTR-CM:
- Wild type ATTR-CM – This form usually develops as people get older
- Hereditary ATTR-CM – This form is passed down through families (inherited) and can also affect people at a younger age
MANAGING SYMPTOMS OF TTR CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS
Without treatment, TTR cardiac amyloidosis can get worse over time. The heart becomes less effective in helping blood move properly through the body, causing certain symptoms.
You might notice:
• Shortness of breath
• Swollen legs/feet
• Weight loss
• Chest pain
• A heartbeat that doesn’t feel normal
NB: this is not an exhaustive list; if you have any other symptoms, please report these to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse.
To help manage these symptoms, your doctor may prescribe:
• Diuretics (also known as “water tablets”) to remove extra salt and water by making you urinate (pee) more often
• Other medications for your heart
LIFESTYLE ADVICE
How can nutrition and exercise support me?
Even with TTR cardiac amyloidosis, you can live a fulfilling life. Making healthy lifestyle choices can help you feel better and support your heart.
Eat Well
Focus on eating a balanced, nutritious diet. Try to:
• Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables
• Choose chicken, fish, and whole grains as protein sources
• Limit red meat and avoid foods that are high in fat and salt
Before changing your diet it is always advisable to speak with your doctor or nurse for advice
Drink wisely
People with TTR cardiac amyloidosis may need to limit how much fluid they drink (around 1.5 litres per day). Too much fluid can cause swelling or make you feel more breathless. Try to cut down on alcohol and caffeine, as they can dehydrate you.
Stay Active
Keeping active can help improve your strength and fitness. Activities like walking or light exercise can be good for your heart. Only do what feels comfortable—listen to your body and take breaks when needed.
Weigh yourself daily
A sudden increase in weight could mean water is building up in your body. If possible, weigh yourself every morning, after going to the toilet and before breakfast. Tell your local healthcare team if you notice a quick weight gain.
MENTAL HEALTH SUPPORT & RESOURCES
Living with TTR cardiac amyloidosis can be challenging, both emotionally and mentally – but you don’t have to go through it alone.
Strategies for coping with ATTR-CM
It’s important to give yourself and your loved ones time and space to process things in your own ways – be open and honest with each other. Doing things you used to enjoy before your diagnosis can help you feel better – some days might be harder, and that’s okay. Be kind to yourself, and remember it’s normal to have both good and bad days. Practising relaxation techniques like yoga, mindfulness and breathing exercises can also help. It’s a way of focusing on the present, rather than worrying about the future/past. It can help reduce stress, improve your mood and help improve your sense of wellbeing. When you’re ready, it may also help to hear from others going through something similar. Amyloidosis UK shares stories from patients and families – and offers practical support too.
Where can I find help if I’ve been diagnoised with ATTR-CM?
If you’re struggling or need someone to talk to, professional and medical help is also available through:
- Your amyloidosis team – they can direct you to support services
- Your GP
- Private health insurance (if you have it)
- Self-funded help
Make sure the service is provided by a registered and appropriately qualified practitioner.
PP-BEY-GB-0113 | December 2025